Equivalent temperature of temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) (°C)
Temperature cone number	Self-supporting temperature cone (pyramidal cone) height 1 3/4"						Large temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)				Small temperature cone height 15/16"
	usually			iron free			usually		iron free		usually
	Heating rate (℃/hour)						Heating rate (℃/hour)
	15	60	150	15	60	150	60	150	60	150	300
022	565	586	590								630
021	580	600	617								643
020	607	626	638								666
019	656	678	695				676	693			723
018	686	715	734				712	732			752
017	705	738	763				736	761			784
016	742	772	796				769	794			825
015	750	791	818				788	816			843
014	757	807	838				807	836			870
013	807	837	861				837	859			880
012	843	861	882				858	880			900
011	857	875	894				873	892			915
010	891	903	915	871	886	893	898	913	884	891	919
09	907	920	930	899	919	928	917	928	917	926	955
08	922	942	956	924	946	957	942	954	945	955	983
07	962	976	987	953	971	982	973	985	970	980	1008
06	981	998	1013	969	991	998	995	1011	991	996	1023
05½	1004	1015	1025	990	1012	1021	1012	1023	1011	1020	1043
05	1021	1031	1044	1013	1037	1046	1030	1046	1032	1044	1062
04	1046	1063	1077	1043	1061	1069	1060	1070	1060	1067	1098
03	1071	1086	1104	1066	1088	1093	1086	1101	1087	1091	1131
02	1078	1102	1122	1084	1105	1115	1101	1120	1102	1113	1148
01	1093	1119	1138	1101	1123	1134	1117	1137	1122	1132	1178
1	1109	1137	1154	1119	1139	1148	1136	1154	1137	1146	1184
2	1112	1142	1164				1142	1162			1190
3	1115	1152	1170	1130	1154	1162	1152	1168	1151	1160	1196
4	1141	1162	1183				1160	1181			1209
5	1159	1186	1207				1184	1205			1221
5½	1167	1203	1225
6	1185	1222	1243				1220	1241			1255
7	1201	1239	1257				1237	1255			1264
8	1211	1249	1271				1247	1269			1300
9	1224	1260	1280				1257	1278			1317
10	1251	1285	1305				1282	1303			1330
11	1272	1294	1315				1293	1312			1336
12	1285	1306	1326				1304	1326			1355
13	1310	1331	1348				1321*	1346*
13½		1352	1367
14	1351	1365	1384				1388*	1366*
14½		1386	1409
15		1417	1428				1424	1431
15½		1436	1445
16		1457	1475				1455	1473
17		1479	1487				1477	1485
18		1502	1508				1500	1506
19		1522	1530				1520	1528
20		1544	1551				1542	1549
21		1566	1571				1564	1569
23		1588	1592				1586	1590
26							1589	1605
27							1614	1627
28							1619	1633
29							1624	1645
30							1636	1654
31							1661	1679
31½							1684	1698
32							1706	1717
32½							1718	1730
33							1732	1741
34							1757	1759
35							1784	1784
36							1796	1796
37							1820	1820
38							1850	1850
39							1865	1865
40							1885	1885
41							1970	1970
42							2015	2015

The final bending position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) can be measured using an angle template. The starting position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bending is 8 °, and the final position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is 90 ° or even larger.
Temperature and time, and sometimes even the atmosphere of the kiln can affect the final bending position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Generally speaking, temperature has the greatest impact on the bending angle of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). The measured temperature is the equilibrium temperature, as actual firing conditions may undergo some changes.
When the glass in the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) has sufficient fluidity, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends; The temperature rise causes the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to bend faster; Similarly, changes in other factors can also affect the viscosity of glass, such as glass crystallization or changes in atmosphere, which can alter the bending performance of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones).
The deformation of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) will accelerate as the process progresses. In the early stages of bending, a 10 ° bending at a heating rate of 60 ℃/hour represents a temperature change of 5 ℃; In the later stage of heating up, a 10 ° bend only represents a change in temperature of 1 ℃.
Temperature measuring cone for industrial use (temperature measuring triangular cone)
The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) widely used in kilns worldwide ensures that the firing process of users' kilns is under their own control. The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) measures the firing process, which is a comprehensive effect of temperature and time. The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) provides users with intuitive assurance of the firing process, ensuring that the firing process is consistent every day. Our goal is to minimize waste, ensure maximum output, and ensure maximum profit. Orton's temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) can help you achieve your goals.

Typical uses of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones)

Refer to the equivalent temperature of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) at different heating rates
Use of temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
In use, when placing products in the kiln, the standard temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is placed next to the product; If the purpose of measuring with a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is to measure the temperature difference between the top bottom and the edge edge, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) must be placed on the entire kiln car. If the temperature is uniform and the purpose is to compare each car and furnace, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) must be placed in the same position on the kiln car; After firing, measure the bending angle of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone).A better method is to use a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) with a bending angle greater than 20 ° but must be less than 100 °. For most quality control purposes, measuring the bending angle of a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) with a temperature deviation of within 5 ℃ is sufficient. The table provided by Orton can convert bending angles into temperatures. The following points should be noted:
When users choose a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) that is suitable for their own kiln, they must go through experiments in advance to find the suitable temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) for this kiln.
The larger the cone number of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), the higher the bending aging temperature. According to safety requirements, three adjacent cone numbers are placed each time as a group, and the middle cone number is the aging temperature required for sintering in the kiln.
When the sintering is completed, the intuitive reflection of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is: the low number temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is fully bent as a warning; The middle temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is bent down by about 90 degrees (can be customized) to measure the aging temperature; The high temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is slightly bent as an indicator.
Why use a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)?
The application of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) in ceramic firing has been over 100 years, as they can determine when the firing is complete, whether the kiln provides sufficient heat to ensure the maturation of the ceramic, whether there are temperature differences in the kiln, or whether there are problems during the firing process.
What is a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)?
The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is a cone carefully configured with over 100 components. The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends within a relatively small temperature range, and the final bending position is a measure of the heat absorbed by the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). We usually use the number of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) as the heat representation of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). The lowest temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) has the number O22, while the highest heat measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) has the number 42.The initial number of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is 1 to 20, and O placed in front of the number indicates a lower temperature. Therefore, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) that is lower than the O1 temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is O2, This continues until O22.

Bending of temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Temperature, time, and atmosphere can affect the final bending position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Of course, temperature is a major factor, and the temperature we refer to is the aging temperature, as the actual firing conditions vary. Using the chart provided by Orton and knowing the heating rate, the aging temperature can be determined based on the final bending position of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). The standard deviation of the bending angle of the Orton temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone) is 2.4 °, which is equivalent to a standard deviation of only 2 ° C.
How to use a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)?
The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) serves as evidence and is placed on the kiln frame near ceramic products or near the "Kiln Sitter". The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends during the formation and softening of glass, and the composition and quantity of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) determine when and how the glass is formed. It must be noted that the weight of the sensing rod in the kiln monitor causes the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) inside the "kiln monitor" to bend, and changes in weight can affect the bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone).The bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is due to the effect of gravity, so the height and angle of the base are very important. The higher the height or more severe the inclination of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), the greater the gravity on the bending, and the earlier the bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). For this reason, Orton developed a temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone), which fixes the height and inclination angle of the temperature measuring cone. Generally, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends within 15-25 minutes. The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends slowly at the beginning,but once the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends past the midpoint, it bends very quickly; When the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) reaches the base, the firing is considered complete; Anyway, the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) reaches the base and the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is at the 4 o'clock position. The difference between them is very small, and the impact on the firing results is very small.the firing is considered complete; Anyway, the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) reaches the base and the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is at the 4 o'clock position. The difference between them is very small, and the impact on the firing results is very small.the firing is considered complete; Anyway, the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) reaches the base and the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is at the 4 o'clock position. The difference between them is very small, and the impact on the firing results is very small.
Why use a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)?
Firing ceramics is very similar to baking, except that the firing temperature of ceramics is relatively high. Ceramics can be fired within a certain temperature range, with some ceramic products having a wider firing range and others within a narrower firing range. Burning at lower temperatures takes a longer time, just like roasting a turkey, because for ceramic products, it is necessary to ensure a certain amount of time to absorb enough heat. We refer to the heat absorbed by ceramics as "heat". If the heat is consistent during different firing processes, the resulting ceramic products should be the same. Even if the temperature of a firing process is high, the time is short; Another firing process has a low temperature but a long firing time. Since temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) measure heat,all manufacturers will recommend what to use for their products
 
Temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) evaluation of kiln
Most kilns have temperature differences between the top and bottom, and the magnitude of the temperature difference depends on the design of the kiln, the service life of the heating resistor, and the placement and distribution of ceramic products in the kiln. Generally speaking, there is a significant temperature difference in kilns. Place the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) on the bottom, middle, and top racks to determine how much temperature difference there is during the firing process. After firing, carefully observe the condition of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone): if the guide cone is only half bent on the bottom rack, it indicates that the temperature during ceramic firing is half a degree lower; If the guide cone on the top frame is bent by half,it indicates that the firing process has increased by half the heat, but there is a temperature difference between the top and bottom temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones). If you notice a difference, changing the placement of ceramic products to reduce this temperature difference and adding a downward ventilation will also balance the temperature inside the kiln.
Check the performance of the Kiln Sitter
When the small temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) receives enough heat below the sensing rod and is completely bent, the "kiln monitor" will cut off the power supply to the kiln. The bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is caused by the gravity effect of the sensing rod. As the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) in the "kiln monitor" is placed on the kiln wall (near the heating element), it receives higher heat than the evidence temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), which can cut off the power supply of the kiln earlier, Use a 3-temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) system near the "kiln monitor" to measure the difference between the "kiln monitor" and the kiln frame.
Check the performance of the temperature controller
The electronic temperature controller increases the temperature of the kiln to the required temperature, and the temperature controller tests the temperature obtained through a thermocouple buried in a fire-resistant wall. A temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) with a base can confirm whether the temperature controller is correctly controlled. Place the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) near the thermocouple, and after firing, check if the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is completely bent. Orton guarantees the temperature controller, however, we still recommend that users place a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) during each firing process to ensure that the kiln reaches the required temperature.Temperature controllers rely on correct temperature measurement and appropriate heating procedures. Most temperature controllers use K-type thermocouples, which may not provide a correct temperature value and may change over time after use.
Evidence temperature measuring cone with base (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Orton recommends evidence temperature measuring cones with bases (temperature measuring triangular cones) to users, as temperature measuring cones with bases (temperature measuring triangular cones) are convenient to use and have good repeatability in testing. Many users only use a temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone) to check the changes in the kiln during each firing. It is not necessary to use a 3-temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) system to check the temperature changes in the kiln. When half of the temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cone) in the kiln show different behavior, it indicates that there is a problem in the kiln and needs to be solved. In this way, the problem can be solved in a timely manner to avoid
 
retention time 
The retention time can also affect the deformation or bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Generally speaking, during the firing process, the temperature is raised to an equilibrium temperature, and then the temperature must be raised by one degree of heat after being left at that temperature for 1-2 hours; After staying for 4-6 hours, it is necessary to increase the heat of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) by two degrees; Staying for 16-20 hours requires increasing the heat of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) by three degrees.
Kiln atmosphere
Ceramic experts know that the kiln atmosphere has a great impact on the reaction of ceramics, and it also has a significant impact on the performance of ceramics. Since the deformation and bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is caused by Thermochemistry reaction, it can be expected that the atmosphere will affect the deformation and bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone).
Fortunately, the conditions that affect the performance of ceramics are related to the deformation and bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Therefore, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) can be used as an effective tool to evaluate the temperature distribution in the kiln firing area. The kiln environment conditions that affect the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) mainly include:
The content of oxidation and reduction atmosphere;
The presence of sulfur;
The presence of water vapor;
The impact of flames;
Radiation effects on nearby hotter or colder surfaces; 
The airflow in the kiln.
The reducing atmosphere has a negative effect on the deformation of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), and the low-temperature temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is particularly sensitive to the reducing atmosphere due to its metal composition. In addition, in a reducing atmosphere, the organic adhesive will not be completely oxidized, resulting in the expansion and blackening of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Once expanded, it will change the deformation characteristics of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). The red temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) (i.e.the temperature measuring cone containing iron oxide (temperature measuring triangular cone) O10 to 3) also undergoes a reverse reaction due to the presence of a reducing atmosphere. After firing, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) will turn green or even black.
Temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangles) without lead and iron (temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangles) O19 to O11, "iron free" temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangles) O10 to 3 and 4 to 42) can be used in a reducing atmosphere. Before the reducing atmosphere, the organic adhesive in the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangles) can be completely oxidized, Heating the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) in the air to 800-850 ° F can completely burn the organic adhesive in the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone).PCE temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) or pre calcined temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) have been successfully applied in neutral or reducing atmospheres.
Compared to the oxidizing atmosphere, temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) and most ceramics mature faster in the reducing atmosphere, or in other words, they can mature ceramic products at lower temperatures. Pre calcined temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) can change the deformation characteristics of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones), so users who use pre calcined temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) must establish their own monitoring programs.
For "switching" kilns (i.e. alternating oxidation and reduction atmospheres)The improved iron free temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), O10 to 3, also does not contain boron oxides, so there will be no "scaling" phenomenon.
The presence of water vapor can also affect the performance of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) when the water vapor content is relatively high. In fact, even a small amount of water vapor can cause the deformation and bending temperature of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to advance, because during the firing process, water vapor will diffuse into the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), Effects of Atmospheres in Firing Ceramics - C.J. Koenig Published by the Columbia Gas System Service Corp., Columbus, Ohio, and the Southern California Gas Co., Los Angeles, California). This is the main reason why temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) exhibit different characteristics in electric kilns and open gas kilns.Although the content of water vapor in the combustion furnace is as high as 19%, it is not necessary to remove the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) because the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) and ceramic products have similar behavior, that is, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) still has guiding significance for ceramic products.the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) still has guiding significance for ceramic products.the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) still has guiding significance for ceramic products.
Other kiln conditions
Dust generated by solid fuel will fall on the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle cone), which will also affect the deformation and bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle cone) to a certain extent. For example, salt vapor, Lead compounds and Zinc compounds will produce a surface glaze on the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle cone), which may or may not affect the performance of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle cone).
Flame can cause the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle) to melt. If possible, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle) should be avoided from being placed at the flame or at the vent.
The radiation from a very hot surface, or the placement of a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) near a cold surface, can also affect the deformation and bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Therefore, the conditions for placing the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) should be consistent with those of ceramic products.
Temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) number and related information
The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) manufactured by Orton is numbered from O22 to 42. O22 is the lowest melting point temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) that requires the least amount of heat to undergo deformation or bending. During the firing process, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) softens and melts when heated. Due to the effect of gravity, the top of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends. The bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) indicates that the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) and the ceramic have received a certain amount of heat. Generally speaking,it takes 15-20 minutes for the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to fully bend after starting to bend. The higher the number of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), The more heat is needed.
primary

The temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) measures the heat, indicating the heat absorbed by the ceramic above the threshold temperature. The threshold temperature refers to the temperature at which the sintering performance of a product begins to change, and the bending performance is related to temperature. Each temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) has a firing range where the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is completely bent. Generally speaking, the faster the firing speed, the higher the temperature at which the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends; On the contrary, the slower the firing speed of the kiln,the lower the temperature at which the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) bends; The position of 6 o'clock (90 ° angle) is considered the endpoint of the bending of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangle cone).
Selection method of temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Whenever possible, use a temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone) or a large temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
The temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone) provides consistent results and good repeatability due to its fixed base height and angle.
Consider temperature range
The deformation of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is a comprehensive effect of time and temperature, and the expected temperature range determines the number of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) and the type of temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to be used. For high temperatures, large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) or PCE temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) are required; The temperature measuring cone with a base (temperature measuring triangular cone) is suitable for use at low and moderate temperatures; Only small temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) or "Kiln Sitter" are available.
The heating rate is a key factor when selecting a temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
The number of each temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is based on a specific heating rate. For fast heating rates, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) must be heated to a higher temperature before the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is deformed and bent.
The height of the firing chamber or the space of the kiln are also factors that determine the number of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones).
Above the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) No. 26, a large temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) must be used, unless a PCE temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) is used for testing or quality control.
In a neutral or reducing atmosphere?
In a neutral or reducing atmosphere, the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) contains two substances that affect the performance of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone). Organic adhesive is added to the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to ensure sufficient strength during transportation and processing. This adhesive burns completely when heated to 800 ° F in air or oxidizing atmosphere; If there is no air, only pre oxidized temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) can be used. In addition, some temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) contain iron oxides. In a reducing atmosphere, iron oxides become a fluid,causing the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) to bend earlier. In this case, a non iron temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) must be used to avoid this problem.

Types of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones)
Large temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Conventional large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) - These are ordinary temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) widely used as reference cones to monitor the process and conditions of kilns. Large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) are available in sizes O19 to O1, 1 to 42, with O10 to O1 and 1 and 3 containing iron oxides.
All temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) contain organic adhesives.
Iron free large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) - Unlike ordinary large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones), these temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) do not contain iron oxides. These temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) can be used for reducing atmosphere conditions, O4 to O1, as well as No.1 and No.3 can also be used in sulfur atmospheres. Iron free temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) are O10 to O1, as well as No.1 and No.3.
Temperature measuring cone with base (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Conventional temperature measuring cone with base (temperature measuring triangular cone) - As evidence cone, temperature measuring cone with base (temperature measuring triangular cone) is the most accurate and easiest to operate. Only Orton provides users with this temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), which does not require a bracket for the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) because it has its own base, so the height and angle of the temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) are always the same. All temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) contain organic adhesives.
The numbers of temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) with bases are O22 to O1, and the numbers 1 to 23 include those half size temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones).
Iron free temperature measuring cones with a base (temperature measuring triangular cones) - Unlike conventional temperature measuring cones with a base (temperature measuring triangular cones), they do not contain iron oxides and can be used for reducing atmospheres. Temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) O4 to O1, as well as No.1 and No.3, can also be used in sulfur atmospheres.
Small temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone)
Small conventional temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) - These temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) are considered "low-level" temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) and are only used for Dawson's "Kiln Sitter". If the kiln space is relatively small, a small temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone) can also be used as a reference cone; Compared to the deformation and bending of large temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) or temperature measuring cones with bases (temperature measuring triangular cones), the deformation and bending temperature of small temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) is higher and should be carefully placed.
Small temperature measuring cone (temperature measuring triangular cone), O22 to O1 and 1 to 20; Among them, O10 to O1 and No.1 to No.3 contain iron oxides. All temperature measuring cones (temperature measuring triangular cones) contain organic adhesives.
Temperature measuring rod
Conventional temperature measuring rod - Orton's temperature measuring rod is used in Dawson's "kiln monitor". Due to its unique shape, it ensures consistent placement and does not alter the firing process.
The numbers of temperature measuring rods O22 to O1 and 1 to 10; O10 to O1, as well as No.1 and No.3 containing iron oxides, all